Ubuntu Desktop 22.04 - Installation Guide ⋆ Zack's

Ubuntu 22.04 was released in April 2022 and is the latest stable LTS (long-term support) version of their operating system. This step-by-step installation guide will show you how to install it on your computer or as a VirtualBox virtual machine.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Ubuntu Desktop 22.04 - Prerequisites

You will need a suitable computer or a VirtualBox to install Ubuntu Desktop 22.04. Once you opt for which one you want, you can download the installation ISO. Click on the button below this text to download the ISO image:

Ubuntu Desktop 22.04 ISO Image Download

If you want to try Ubuntu Desktop 22.04 inside a virtual machine, you don't have to create an installation media; the ISO image is enough to create your virtual machine and start with the installation. We will show you how to do it in VirtualBox later in this article.

If you opt for installation on your computer, you must create an installation media first. A USB stick of at least 8GB is recommended, and you will need software to make it. If you are creating it on Microsoft Windows, I recommend Rufus, and you can download the latest version of it by clicking on the button below this text:

Rufus Downloads

You can use a dd CLI command to create an installation media on any Linux operating system. This article will show you how to do it a bit further below.

Create Installation Media - Microsoft Windows

Go to a location where you downloaded Rufus and right-click on the file. From the drop-down menu, click on Run As Administrator:

Now you need to select Ubuntu Desktop 22.04 ISO image. To do so, click on the SELECT button:

Once you click on the SELECT button, a new window will open. It will allow you to select the Ubuntu installation image. Go to a location where you saved the image, select it and click Open:

With the image selected, click on the drop-down menu below the Partition scheme, and choose GPT. Once done, you can click on the START button to create a bootable USB:

If all goes well, Rufus will inform you that everything is good by highlighting the READY bar in green color. The operation will take several minutes to complete. To finish, click on the CLOSE button, safely eject the USB drive and plug it into the computer where you wish to install Ubuntu.

Create Installation Media - Linux Systems

You don't need a special GUI tool on Linux systems to create a bootable USB drive. While such tools exist, in this example, I'm going to make a bootable USB drive with a CLI (command line interface) command called dd.

Once you insert a USB stick into the computer, it will probably be initialized by the system right away. To check if that is so, start the Terminal and execute the following command:

df -h

As you can see in the example above, my PNY_USB is mounted at /home/zack/PNY_USB. To continue, I need to unmount it first. I will do so by executing the umount command. You can do the same. Just pay attention on where the USB is mounted (in my case, it is /home/zack/PNY_USB):

sudo umount /home/zack/PNY_USB

You can check if the umount was successful by executing the lsblk command with the following parameters:

lsblk | grep -v loop

In the example above, please notice the MOUNTPOINTS column. You can see there is nothing present for my sda drive, which is my USB stick. With that confirmed, I can now execute the dd command, which will "burn" the Ubuntu Desktop 22.04 ISO image to my USB stick. Make sure to modify the path to your Ubuntu ISO image (if= parameter) and the path to your USB drive (of= parameter) before you execute the command:

sudo dd if=/home/zack/Downloads/ubuntu-22.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso of=/dev/sda bs=8M status=progress

You may notice that the whole operation will kind of freeze, and it will look like nothing is happening. Looking at the image above, you may notice it took dd 72 seconds to write the image, yet the whole operation took 295 seconds. You may also notice I used a bs parameter (BYTES) of 8M. So what is going on here?

It's like this; dd reads and writes ISO images in blocks of 8MB, but it does not write the image directly on the USB drive. It is actually sending it to a "temporary IO buffer," from where it is eventually written to a USB drive. So, it took 72 seconds for a dd to "transfer" an image to a temporary buffer, and then additional 223 seconds (295-72) were required for the image to be written on the USB drive. You can find an in-depth explanation of this on the following link:

DD function seems to freeze when done

You can actually "see" all of that. To do so, open another terminal window and execute the following command:

watch -n1 cat /proc/meminfo

After you execute the watch command, please pay attention to the Dirty value; with time, it will slowly decrease, and when it hits a couple of kilobytes, your dd operation will finish. Now, how cool is that? Linux lets you see everything 🙂

With the operation complete, your Ubuntu Desktop 22.04 bootable USB is done. You can safely remove it and plug it into the computer where you want the Ubuntu installed.

Ubuntu Desktop 22.04 - Installation

I will cover both installations on a physical computer and VirtualBox virtual machine. The installation procedure is identical, with the only difference you will need installation media created for a physical computer, and we covered that in the previous section of this article.

For a virtual machine, you will need to have a VirtualBox installed on your computer and an ISO image of Ubuntu Desktop 22.04. We have an article on how to install VirtualBox both on Ubuntu Linux and Windows, and you can check it out by clicking the button below this text:

VirtualBox Installation & Configuration Guide

VirtualBox Machine Setup

As soon as you start VirtualBox, from the Welcome screen, click on the Tools menu button and then on Media:

A Hard disks tab will be first selected, and from there, click on Create button to add a hard disk for the virtual machine:

Once the Create Virtual Hard Disk window is open, please click on the Expert Mode button:

Here you need to configure a hard disk for your virtual machine. Please set the size (1 - I recommend setting 40GB or more here), choose a type (2), set it to be pre-allocated (3), give it a name, and define where it's going to be saved (4). Once you have done it all, please click the Finish button to complete adding a disk:

With the hard disk created, switch to the Optical disks tab (1) and click on Add button (2):

Browse to the location where you downloaded the Ubuntu Desktop 22.04 ISO image and add it to Optical disks.

With hard disk and ISO added, you can go back to the Welcome screen and click the New button to add a virtual machine for Ubuntu Desktop 22.04:

Create Virtual Machine window will pop up. Please click on the Expert Mode button near the bottom edge of the window first. With expert mode active, you need to give your virtual machine a name (1), select the correct ISO image (2), and uncheck the Skip Unattended Installation option (3):

Now click on the Hardware section. Here you need to define the amount of RAM (1) and CPU cores (2) you want to assign to a virtual machine. When talking about virtualization, let's call it "an industry standard" is to assign 2GB of RAM (2048MB) per 1 CPU core, but this is not mandatory. Also, check Enable EFI option (3) here:

Last, click on the Hard Disk section. Here, click on Use an Existing Virtual Hard Disk File (1), and select the one you created a few steps back (2):

Please click on the Finish button to complete setting up your virtual machine.

VirtualBox Machine Additional Settings

At this point, you can start the virtual machine and start with the installation of Ubuntu Desktop 22.04. But I strongly advise you to go over the following few settings as they will significantly improve your virtual machine performance. To do so, please click on the Settings button:

Once the Settings window pops up, please click on the System section (1), and uncheck Floppy under Boot Order (2), as it will not be required. Once done, click on the Processor tab (3):

On the Processor tab, please check Enable PAE/NX option. If you have an AMD CPU and you enabled virtualization in BIOS, Enable Nested VT-x/AMD-V option will also be available, so you can check that one also. Unfortunately, Oracle is still unclear why that options is not available for Intel CPUs.

Next, click on the Display section (1) and check the Enable 3D Acceleration option (2):

Now click on the Storage section (1). There, click on Controller: SATA (2) and check the Use Host I/O Cache option (3):

On the Audio section (1), you can altogether disable audio by unchecking the Enable Audio option (2), as it is really not required:

Last, switch to the Network section (1), expand the Advanced options (2), and select Paravirtualized Network (virtio-net) option (3) in the drop-down menu:

This should cover all the required settings, so please be free to click on the OK button to close the virtual machine Settings window. Now you can start the virtual machine and install Ubuntu Desktop 22.04.

Installation Procedure

From this point on, everything is the same, whether you choose to install Ubuntu Desktop 22.04 on a virtual machine or a physical computer. Plug in the USB to the computer where you wish to install Ubuntu and start it (or power up the virtual machine). Once the installer loads, please select Try or Install Ubuntu:

Ubuntu Desktop 22.04 - Installation Initial Screen

On the Welcome screen, please select language for your installation (1), and click on Install Ubuntu button (2):

Select a keyboard layout best suited for you and click on the Continue button:

On the following screen, you need to choose the type of installation. It is absolutely fine to select a Normal Installation here but be warned that some software you don't want or do not intend to use may be installed once the installation is complete.

On the other hand, Minimal Installation will install Mozilla Firefox and a few basic utils, leaving the choice of installing all other software to you. I always select this, so please feel free to do it also (1). The installation of third-party software (2) is optional, but I usually select it. Once done, please click the Continue button (3):

It is perfectly fine to select Erase disk and install Ubuntu on the Installation type screen. But I would like you to consider creating the partitions yourself by selecting Something else. I suggest the following partitioning scheme:

Boot partition, size 1GB, ext2 file system (journaling not required)
GRUB partition, size 2MB, no file system (unformatted)
EFI partition, size 128MB, no file system (unformatted)
Swap partition, size 1GB, no file system (unformatted)
Root partition, size 16-32GB. ext4 or xfs file system
Home partition, rest of the disk, ext4 or xfs file system

So, if you opt for manual partitioning, please select Something else, but don't click on the Continue button once you do. Instead, press Crtl and F2 keys on your keyboard simultaneously to switch to the console. In the next step, I will show you how to do the partitioning there by using parted.

Once you drop into the console, you will be asked to enter a username. A default username here is ubuntu, so please use that one (no password is required). Once you log in, root privileges are required to create partitions. To "log in" as root, please execute the following command:

sudo su -

The first command you will need here is lsblk (see picture below). It will list all the "disk-like" devices on your computer. What you're looking for is probably sda (for HDDs and SSDs) or nvme0n1 (for NVMe drives). Once you determine the correct disk, you can execute the parted command with all the required parameters for all partitions. To do so, please run the following command (root between 16-32GB):

parted /dev/sda mklabel gpt mkpart boot 1MiB 1025MiB mkpart grub 1025MiB 1027MiB mkpart EFI-SP 1027MiB 1155MiB mkpart swap 1055MiB 2179MiB mkpart root 2179MiB 34947MiB mkpart home 34947MiB 100%

Once you're done, press Ctrl and F1 keys on your keyboard simultaneously to return to the installer. From there, make sure Something else is selected and click on the Continue button:

All the partitions can be prepared (formatted) for installation at this stage. Start with boot and work your way all down to the home partition.

Select /dev/sda1 (1), click on the Change... button (2), select Ext2 file system, and check Format the partition (3). Select /boot (4) and click the OK button (5) to confirm:

Select /dev/sda2 (1), click on the Change... button (2) and select Reserved BIOS boot area (3). Click the OK button (4) to confirm:

Select /dev/sda3 (1), click on the Change... button (2), and select EFI System Partition (3). Click the OK button (4) to confirm:

Select /dev/sda4 (1), click on the Change... button (2), and select swap area (3). Click the OK button (4) to confirm:

Select /dev/sda5 (1), click on the Change... button (2), select Ext4 journaling file system, and check Format the partition (3). Select / (4) and click the OK button (5) to confirm:

Select /dev/sda6 (1), click on the Change... button (2), select Ext4 journaling file system, and check Format the partition (3). Select /home (4) and click the OK button (5) to confirm:

With all of the partitions prepared, please click on the Install Now button to continue with the installation:

On the next screen, please click on the Continue button to confirm all the changes on the disk:

Your location (1) will be (most probably) detected automatically, but you can manually enter the correct one if the automatic choice is incorrect. Once done, click on the Continue button (2):

Setting the correct location affects on how your operating system will "behave" regarding some tasks it will perform, among others:

Software using location information
A lot of software today (i.e. web browsers and any kind of map software) is using location information to give you as much relevant information as possible.
Operating system updates
When pulling updates, Ubuntu will try to access the closest update mirror server. If you defined your location correctly and there is an update mirror server in your country, updates will be downloaded from that server. This will save you both time and bandwidth while performing updates.

The last information the installer will require from you is your user data. The picture below is self-explanatory enough, so fill in all the required data and click the Continue button once you do:

At this point, you can sit, relax and pat yourself on the back for a well-done job. The installation itself will take some time to complete:

Once the installation is complete, please restart your computer by clicking on Restart Now button:

Ubuntu Desktop 22.04 - Final Steps

Once your computer boots up again, a login screen will be displayed. Click on your username:

On the following screen, write your password and press Enter key to continue:

After you log in, there will be some additional steps your new Ubuntu will ask you to do. First, you will have the option to sign in to one of many offered online services. You can skip this step if you wish:

On the next screen, unless you have an Ubuntu Pro subscription, you can click the Next button and skip Livepatch setup:

Help improve Ubuntu screen will allow you to send usage information to Canonical (Ubuntu creators). I opt not to send it, but the choice is yours here (1). Once you make up your mind, click on the Next button (2):

Again, it is up to you whether you will enable the location service. It may have a little effect on how your apps will behave. Once you decide, click on the Next button.

And you're finally ready to go! I will not show you how to install any software here, as we will soon have an article on how to install some applications we recommend for Ubuntu Desktop 22.04. Until then, click on the Done button to exit to the desktop:

Ubuntu Desktop 22.04 - Initial Setup Done

You may notice a Software Updater application popped up before while you were still performing the last few steps. Please feel free to click on the Install Now button to install the latest updates for your Ubuntu Desktop 22.04: